The University of Edinburgh together with the Smart Villages Initiative held a workshop at the Edinburgh Centre for Carbon Innovation on 11 May 2016. The workshop brought together 27 social and physical scientists, industry representatives and entrepreneurs, energy and international development policy makers, and practitioners. The workshop provided an overview of new insights and research in battery storage and highlighted the social, environmental, and other impacts of battery deployments in developing countries in terms of end-of-life management and recycling. The focus of the workshop was technologies for off-grid rural communities.