The purpose of the workshop was to bring together leading UK researchers to discuss emerging technologies for the sustainable production and use of energy in rural communities in developing countries, and to take a ‘look ahead’ at scientific developments and technologies that might be influential over the next 10 – 20 years. It was held under the auspices of the ‘smart villages’ initiative, a three – year project to advance sustain able energy provision for development in off – grid villages in Africa, Asia and Latin America.