This ‘State of Play’ ‘technical report provides a review of the literature relating to the issues around provision of electricity to off-grid villages in 2015. It summarises key challenges associated with the provision of electricity to off-grid villages, and views set out in the literature on the opportunities and required framework conditions to address those challenges. Also, two particular topics are reviewed in more detail: how to ensure that electricity provision acts as a catalyst for development, and the complementary roles of government, the private sector etc. A bibliography of the literature informing this review is provided at the end.